Q.1 Corkscrew hairs are seen due to deficiency of:
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin E
(c) Vitamin K
(d) Vitamin C
ANS- (d) Vitamin C
Corkscrew hairs are seen due to scurvy which occurs due to Vitamin C deficiency.
Q.2 Which of the following are the indications of Renal biopsy?
1. Chronic Kidney disease with normal sized kidney
2. Nephrotic syndrome in adults
3. Nephrotic syndrome in children with atypical features
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
ANS- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Renal Biopsy Indications : -
Unexplained renal failure.
Acute nephritic syndrome.
Nephrotic syndrome.
Isolated nonnephrotic proteinuria.
Isolated glomerular hematuria.
Renal masses (primary or secondary)
Renal transplant rejection.
Renal transplant dysfunction.
CKD with normal sized kidney.
Q.3 Gower’s sign is positive in:
(a) Peroneal muscle atrophy
(b) Duchenne’s dystrophy
(c) Friedreich ataxia
(d) Cerebellar disease
ANS- (b) Duchenne’s dystrophy
The child assumes the hands-and-knees position and then climbs to a stand by "walking" his hands progressively up his shins, knees, and thighs. This maneuver, known as Gowers' sign, has been associated almost exclusively with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
Q.4 All of the following are the indications of renal replacement therapy EXCEPT:
(a) Metabolic Acidosis (pH < 7.25)
(b) Hypercalcemia
(c) Hyperkalemia ( K+ > 6 mmol/L)
(d) Fluid overload
ANS- (b) Hypercalcemia
The indications of renal replacement therapy :-
Metabolic Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Fluid Overload
Uremia - Endocarditis,Encephalopathy, Bleeding
Ingestion - Toxins/Drugs
Q.5 All of the bacterial diseases are exotoxin-mediated EXCEPT:
(a) Botulism
(b) Diphtheria
(c) Typhoid
(d) Tetanus
ANS- (c) Typhoid
Exotoxin mediated bacterial disease :- whooping cough, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, anthrax, and toxic shock syndrome
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