Obesity: Definition, Cause, Diagnosis, Treatment 2022

Obesity: Definition, Cause, Diagnosis, Treatment 2022

Obesity in simple words is an accumulation of body fat in excess amount. which is a sufficient amount to cause health issues.

Obesity can describe by BMI-basal metabolic rate:-

BMI = WEIGHT (in kg) / HEIGHT × HEIGHT (in meter)

If your BMI is

<18.5 = underweight
18.5 to 25 = Normal weight
25 to 30 = Overweight
30 to 35 = Class 1 Obesity
35 to 40 = Class 2 Obesity
>40 = Class 3 or super obese

 

Here we covered, Obesity: Definition, Cause, Diagnosis, Treatment 2022

CAUSE OF OBESITY:

– Genetics, can affect how your body processes food into energy and how fat is stored

– Growing older, can lead to less muscle mass and a slower metabolic rate

– Not sleeping enough, can lead to hormonal changes that make you feel hungrier and craving for high-calorie foods

– Pregnancy, as weight gain during pregnancy may be difficult to lose

– In females, PCOS-polycystic ovarian syndrome is also one of the causes of Obesity.

– Cushing syndrome also causes obesity due to high cortisol levels secret by adrenal glands

– Hypothyroidism

– In Osteoarthritis due to less physical activity

– Other causes except for medical conditions

• High calories food
• Depression
• Less physical activity
• Fatty food
• Steroids medication

 

DIAGNOSIS OF OBESITY:

• Skinfold thickness tests
• Waist-to-hip comparisons
• Screening tests, such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI scans

Another test to diagnose complications of obesity earlier

• Blood tests to examine cholesterol and glucose levels
• Liver function tests
• A diabetes screening
• Thyroid tests
• Heart tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

 

COMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Certain cancers (breast, colon, and endometrial)
• Stroke
• Gallbladder disease
• Fatty liver disease
• High cholesterol
• Sleep apnea and other breathing problems
• Arthritis
• Infertility

 

HOW TO TREAT OBESITY OR HOW TO PREVENT OBESITY:

If you have obesity and have been unable to lose weight on your own, medical help is available. Pls consult your physician and make a plan with the doctor to lose weight.

 

Lifestyle Modification:

The patient who is obese or overweight should change his/her lifestyle. Obesity is present a sedentary lifestyle so some exercise is necessary to lose weight.

Regular exercise at least 300 minutes per week helps you to lose fat and also has psychological benefits.

 

Diet Change in Obesity:

Low-calorie diet

Low in saturated fat

Normal Protein intake

High fibre diets like fruits and vegetables

1000 kcal deficit in obesity is helpful to lose weight

Total Fasting is not recommended as it can cause problems in your health like diuresis, natriuresis and all deficiency.

 

Drugs to treat Obesity:

Notes: Here drugs are given for only study and knowledge purposes. Usually, this drug is not recommended.

hentermine/topiramate
naltrexone/bupropion
liraglutide
orlistat – the only one that’s FDA-approved for use in children 12 years old and older

 

SURGERY FOR OBESITY:

Gastric bypass surgery

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)

Gastric sleeve surgery

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenum switch

#Candidates for surgery are who have related comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes and haven’t seen sustained results from nonsurgical treatments, such as eating and lifestyle modifications

 

Prevention for Obesity :

Regular exercises for 30 minutes a day like cycling, moderate walking, swimming etc.

Eat well by choosing nutritional, less saturated fat, high fibre, protein diet.